Melasma occurs due to various factors. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy or menopause, can trigger melasma. Excessive sun exposure is another common contributor, as the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can stimulate melanin production, leading to increased pigmentation. Genetic predisposition can also play a role in the development of melasma, making some individuals more susceptible to this condition.
Additionally, certain medications may increase the risk of developing melasma, especially those that can affect hormone levels or increase sensitivity to sunlight. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and poor diet, can also contribute to the development and worsening of melasma.
